Sunday, June 3, 2018

English Grammar June 03, 2018

Infinitive and Infinitive Phrase

What is an infinitive, infinitive phrase and how to spot an infinitive and infinitive phrase in a sentence, this is what I'm gonna discuss in the post today.

An infinitive is a verb in its base form, “to _____ “ , it is usually preceded by the word “to”. For example, to run, to eat, to sleep, to move etc.

Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs.

How can we recognize them?

Simply figure out how an infinitive functions in a sentence. Let’s look at some examples.

Ali loves to sing.

Can you spot the infinitive? “to sing” is the infinitive and as it acts as a direct object here, then we know it is used as a “Noun”.

Let us look at another example of the infinitive,

To play, Afridi puts on his helmet.

“To play” is our infinitive but how it is functioning in the sentence?

It functions as an "adverb" which modifies the word “put”. If it does not makes sense to you, just think it over, "put" under what condition?

Puts to play!

Ex: Einstein was a person to admire.

“To admire” is our infinitive and it functions as an adjective modifying the noun “person”.

Infinitive Phrases

Now let us look at infinitive phrases.

An infinitive phrase is the combination of the infinitive and its object or any modifier. For example:

To see the football world cup, he leaves for Russia.

“To see” is off course our infinitive. What is the object of the infinitive?

To see what?

The football World Cup! That’s our object!

Therefore, “to see the football world cup” is our whole infinitive phrase. This one functioning as an "adverb" modifying the verb “leaves”.

Ex: Our school is a place to teach the students.

“To teach” is our infinitive. Now teach to whom?

Teach to the students!

Therefore, “teach to the students” is the infinitive phrase. And infinitive phrase functioning as an adjective as it is modifying the word “place”.

(Which place? The place to teach the students! Phrase qualifies the noun, isn’t it?)

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Friday, June 1, 2018

English Grammar June 01, 2018

Learn Gerund and Gerund Phrase

A gerund is a form of a verb that functions as a noun. It looks like a verb but acts like a noun.

Like a participle, a gerund always ends in – ING. But the difference between a gerund and a participle is based on their functions: a participle functions exactly like an adjective whereas a gerund functions exactly like a noun.

Anything a noun can do, a gerund can do.

Thus a gerund can function in all of these ways.

Subject
Direct Object
A subject of Compliment

Now let us try to spot the gerund in the following examples.

Playing allows my brother to relax.

The first thing we’ve got to do is to look at “ING” word, now ask yourself what the sentence is about – clearly playing.

Playing is functioning as the subject of the sentence.

Tip to recognize a gerund

When you find an “ING” word in a sentence, substitute another word which is clearly a noun, if the sentence makes sense, then you've got a gerund.

Let’s try it for the above example. I’m gonna substitute the word vacation in place of playing. Here we go:

Vacation allows my brother to relax.

It is clearly seen that the sentence still makes sense, isn’t it? It means playing is our gerund.

Now let us look at the other examples.

I always enjoy teaching.

You can see through the sentence for “ING” word, here watching is the only “ING” word and it functions as a direct object.

Is it a gerund?

You can check it out by replacing the word with any other noun as mentioned above.

Ex: My favorite hobby is blogging.

Here the word blogging functions as a compliment.

Gerund Phrase

A gerund phrase is a gerund and all the words that modify or compliment it.

The words that seem to belong to gerund to help complete its meaning make up a gerund phrase and this whole phrase will function exactly like a noun’s function.

You can use your substitution principle here as well. For example:

Playing sports keeps us physically fit.

Look for the “ING” word, playing.

Now playing what? Playing sports!

Sport is a modifier which modifies the word playing. Therefore, “Playing sports” is our gerund phrase. The whole phrase functions as a subject. We can substitute a simple noun such as “Cricket”, to see if the sentence yet makes sense. Off course, it does! Thus we’ve proved that it is a gerund phrase.

Ex: I thoroughly enjoyed Peterson’s magnificent batting.

Our gerund is obviously “batting”, but is it a part of the gerund phrase?

We know that gerunds are always nouns; we can see “magnificent” modifies our noun “batting”.

What kind of batting?

Magnificent batting!

And Peterson’s is a possessive adjective also modifies batting – noun. Thus our whole gerund phrase is “Peterson’s magnificent batting”.

This whole phrase functions as “Direct Object” of the sentence.

As a final check, let us substitute another word such as “golf”, I thoroughly enjoyed golf. Again we’ve proven that this is a gerund phrase.

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Wednesday, May 30, 2018

Quran and Science May 30, 2018

Solar and Lunar Eclipse in Islam

What is Solar and Lunar eclipse and how Solar and Lunar eclipse occur? That is what I'm gonna discuss today.

Muslims believe that everything in the heavens and on earth is created by Allah Almighty, the Creator of the universe. Islam, what Muslims believe in, is a religion based upon reasons and proofs which strongly urges mankind to study and explore the universe and the world around us.

Allah tells us throughout the Quran to contemplate and investigate the heavens and the earth. The Quran says:

“Our Lord, You did not create this aimlessly; exalted are You (Above such a thing); then protect us from the punishment of the fire” (Quran: 3:190-191)

“It is He who created the nights and the days and the sun and the moon. All swim along, each in its orbit.” (Quran 21:33)

The last verse from the Quran signs towards the orbit that the planets such as the moon and the earth swim along. As this article is about the solar and lunar eclipse, let us first take a look at the science behind the eclipse.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon such that the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon, and a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes in between the Sun and the Earth such that Moon casts a shadow on the Earth. An eclipse occurs only when the Moon’s plane passes the ecliptic plane.

Islam about the Lunar and Solar Eclipse

When the son of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) Ibrahim died, some superstitious people said that the Sun eclipsed due to the death of Ibrahim, because he was the young child and also due to the sadness of the Prophet (PBUH). When the Holy Prophet came to know about it, he said:

'”The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of the death of someone from the people, but they are two signs amongst the signs of Allah. When you see them, stand up and pray.'"

This means that the variation of the day and the night, swimming of the Moon and the Earth, does not depend on someone’s life or death, happiness or sadness. In fact, it is the God who governs them in their orbit and is one of the signs of the Power and Majesty of Allah.

Prayer during Eclipse

During solar and lunar eclipse, a prayer has been recommended by Islam for its followers, it is called the Prayer of the Eclipse – Salat-ul-Khusuf. This prayer is offered in congregation. Abdullah bin Amr narrates: When the Sun eclipsed in the lifetime of the Prophet, an announcement was made that a prayer was to be offered in congregation. This prayer is two rakats with four bowing in the two rakats.

Conclusion

Therefore, there is no room for fear and superstitions in Islam surrounding solar and lunar eclipse. All we need to do is just to perform two rakats prayer when such an event occurs.

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Sunday, May 27, 2018

Solved Notes May 27, 2018

10th Class Physics Notes AJK Board

Dear Students
Regarding the problems our students of Mirpur Board AJK usually come across in term of solutions of "Physics" questions, their solutions and sound understanding, I've created this page where you can find solutions of all the questions of class 10th Physics of the new pattern of Mirpur Board AJK for free. Now you do not need to mess around searching notes from classmates and sparing your time finally end up with nothing. With just one click, you can have your desired chapters' notes without any cost.

All these notes have been prepared in an easy and vivid language so that every student could feel free understanding and using them for their best. The purpose of these notes is to promote education, as far as we can, in Azad Kashmir and let our students get caught up at science concepts rather than just cramming them and facing the music when it comes to "Engineering Tests" after Fsc.

Solved Numericals | Download Free Pdf's

Chapters #	Chapters Names	Links
10	Simple Harmonic Motion
11	Sound
12	Geometrical Optics
13	Electrostatics
14	Current Electricity
15	Electromagnetism
16	Introductory Electronics
17	Information & Communication Technology
18	Radioactivity

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Solved Notes May 27, 2018

Class 9th Physics Notes AJK Board

All these notes have been prepared in an easy and vivid language so that every student could feel free understanding and using them for their best. The purpose of these notes is to promote education, as far as we can, in Azad Kashmir and let our students get caught up at science concepts rather than just cramming them and facing the music when it comes to "Engineering Tests" after Fsc.

10th Class Mirpur Board AJK Notes

Chapter #	Chapters’ Names
1	Physical Quantities & Measurement
2	Kinematics
3	Dynamics
4	Turning effect of forces
5	Gravitational
6	Work and Energy
7	Properties of Matter
8	Thermal Properties
9	Transfer of heat

Also check,

AJK Board 9th Class Past Papers

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Science Simulations May 27, 2018

Interactive Biological Simulations and Animations

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We provide you with a virtual lab for Biology where the given simulations can really help you to analyze, understand and explore different Biological processes. These interactive biological simulations give you an easy access to valuable and verified solutions by giving you a clear insight into a complex system.
Below is the list of Biological Simulations and Animations.

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Science Simulations May 27, 2018

Physics Simulations and Animations

Are you a student of physics and have been having hard time understanding and visualizing things related to physics? I know it happens as I remember from my early days at school where I was a quite confused about how do those things actually work.
If yes, then we're here to help you as much as we can by providing you simulations showing things inside out. All you need is just to sit back, read some theories from you syllabus books and rest of work shall be done by these simulations.

If you still feel this stuff not enough, do let us know, we'll come up with new simulations to get you caught up at what you learn and cramp daily.

Thanks for visiting us.

Charge and Field

Faraday's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistance in a Wire

Balloons and Static Electricity

Charges And Fields

Geometric Optics

Bending Light

Radiating Charge

Masses & Springs

Gravity And Orbits

Moment of Inertia

Click to Run

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Breaking