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Thursday, August 30, 2018

August 30, 2018

Compliments| Direct Objects and Indirect Objects

Compliments-english-grammar-direct-and-indirect-objects-kashmir-rawalakot.
The most basic order of a sentence in the English language is
Subject + Predicate
And if we break it down further, then the basic order of a sentence is
Subject + Verb + Object.
And those objects are called compliments because these are the words that complete the meaning of a verb.
There are two types of compliments in the English language.
  • Direct Object
  • Indirect Object

Direct Objects

Direct Objects are super easy to spot because their position is very regular. These objects always follow transitive action verbs and answer the questions: what or whom. Their general formula is
Subject + Verb +What/Whom.
Subject + Verb + Direct Object.
For example,
Rayyan and Ali play tennis in the court.
Rayyan and Ali = Subjects; play = verb, which is our action verb which needs another word to receive the action in order to complete the meaning of the sentence, called transitive verb.
Now we can ask our "Direct Objects" questions.
Rayyan and Ali played what? Tennis = Direct object.
Let's look at another example of Direct Object.
Adriana loves singing more than anything else.
Again Adriana = Subject; loves = verb; Adriana loves what? Direct Object = singing.
Example:
She is wearing her beautiful clothes.
She = Subject; wearing = verb. What is she wearing? Beautiful clothes = Direct Object.
Example:
He hates dogs.
He = subject; hates = verb; He hates whom? Dogs = Direct object.

Indirect Objects

Indirect objects are very easy to spot as they are found after the transitive verb and before the direct object.
Transitive Verb ------ Indirect Object ------ Direct Objects

Indirect objects answer the questions; To whom, for whom, and to what.
Let's look at the following examples.
She gave my friend a gift.
The object has been given is a gift and it was given to MY FRIEND.
She = Subject; gave = verb; what did she give to my friend? A gift = Direct Object; 
She gave a gift to whom? Friend = Indirect Object.
This sentence can also be written as
She gave a gift to my friend.
There is no difference in meaning between the two sentences but the last one does not contain an Indirect Object. Do you know why? To understand, look at the "POSITION" of the word friend; is it where it needs to be in order to be considered an Indirect Object?
No, it is not!
In fact, it is just a part of a prepositional phrase and cannot be an indirect object.



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Sunday, August 26, 2018

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Tuesday, August 14, 2018

August 14, 2018

Scientific Miracles of Quran | Perfect Orbits in the Universe

Science- Quran - Scientific-facts-in-the-Quran-Islam-Rawalakot

Before the invention of the telescope and discovery made by Copernicus, it was thought that the Earth was stationary and was at the center of our solar system while Sun and all other celestial bodies move around it.

However, in1500 Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that all the planets, involving Earth, actually revolved around the stationary Sun which was at the center of our solar system. Although this model was not perfect because it could not describe the path of revolving planets around the Sun. In other words, it could not define the shape of the orbits but It provided a ground for other scientists to work on.

Later on, the shape of the orbits was determined by Danish astronomer Kepler. He determined that the planets revolve around the stationary Sun in elliptical orbits rather than circular ones. These revolutionary discoveries showed that the Sun was in the center of our solar system and that it was stationary.

However, it had not been yet discovered that Sun moved in its own orbit. This discovery was made by an Italian scientist Galileo who is credited with the creation of optical telescope which could magnify an object twenty times. By observing the movement of sunspots, Galileo discovered that the Sun also rotates on its own axis and each revolution takes about an Earth month. The sun not only rotates but down the road, it was also discovered that it also orbits the center of our galaxy.

To conclude, each celestial body swims in its orbit or path defined for it. And this fact was discovered only a couple of centuries before.
Islam-and-Quran-Rawalakot-Paniola-Science-universe-orbits
What about if I tell you about the BOOK which described the same Scientific Fact 1400 years ago.
Yes! The Quran mentioned the motion of celestial bodies and their orbits at the time when the science and technology did not exist even by name. 
The Quran says:

“The sun runs through its course, this course is pre-estimated for it by the Almighty, the All-knowing". (Surah Yaseen: 38)

"It is He Who created the Night and the Day and the Sun and the Moon: all (celestial bodies) swim along each its rounded path (Orbit)". (Surah Al-Anbiyaa: 33)
"It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon nor can the Night outstrip the Day: each just swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law)". (Surah Yaseen: 40)

In the first verse, it has been stated clearly that the course of the Sun is pre-estimated and according to the science, the Sun's speed is 750,000Km/hr, it's the speed with which orbits the galaxy.
The Quran also discussed the rising points of the Sun in the following verse:
"The Lord of the Heavens and the Earth and all that is between them - and the Lord of the easts (Sun's rising points)". (Surah As saffat:5)

It is understood from the verse that the Sun has more than one rising points. If you observe the rising points of the Sun with respect to your home, you will see that it changes at different points throughout the year. It seems to float on the eastern horizon as you can see in the animation given down. 
From this explanation, if we think justly we will have to conclude that the Quran cannot be a book of any human because if it were so, then such scientific facts could not have been mentioned in it at the time when there was no science. How could a person who existed 1400 years ago know these facts on his own? 
We've to accept that it is possible only with the help of Someone Who is All-knowing, Who is the Creator of the Universe and that the Quran has been sent down by Him. If someone is still not willing to accept these facts then one must justify one's objection.
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Sunday, August 12, 2018

August 12, 2018

Astronomical Animations and Simulations

Astronomy is the branch of physics which discusses celestial bodies. It focuses on the origin of the objects and their evolution. To understand and visualize different terms and phenomena related to this field, Astronomical Simulations and Animations can be really handy

Below is the list of Astronomical Simulations that cover the vast field of the universe. In order to play these simulations and animations, you need flash player.

Basic Motion and Ancient Astronomy
Small Angle Approximation Simulation
Heliacal Rising Simulator
Big Dipper Clock Simulation

Coordinates and Motion
Meridional Altitude Simulator
Declination Ranges Simulator
Ecliptic Simulator
Union Season Demonstrator
Azimuth and Altitude Demonstrator
Daylight and Nighttime Simulator
Earth's Tilt Simulator
Longitude and Latitude Simulator
Celestial Equator Demonstrator
Path of the Sun Simulator
Sun Motion on the Celestial Sphere
Sun's Motion Demonstrator
Sun's Rays Simulator
Seasons Simulator
Coordinate System Comparison Demonstrator
Daylights Hours Explorer Simulator
Antipodes Simulator
Celestial and Horizon System Comparison
Sidereal and Solar Time

Reference: Astronomy Education

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Sunday, July 29, 2018

July 29, 2018

How to identify adjectives clauses


A clause has a subject and a verb. An adjective clause is a dependent or subordinate clause which performs the same function as an adjective. As an adjective always modifies a noun or a pronoun, similarly an adjective clause also modifies a noun or a pronoun in a sentence. 
Most of the adjectives clauses start with relative pronouns and these are only five in the whole language. These are:
  • Who 
  • Whose
  • Whom
  •  That
  • Which
And on occasion, they start with subordinating conjunctions called relative adverbs such as Where, Where. I suggest you memorize these relative pronouns and relative adverb as they are very little in numbers. Because the adjective clauses often start with the relative pronouns, they are also called relative clauses.
 Let’s look at some of the examples.
The book that I’m studying has been written by Alama Tahir-ul-Qadri.
As I said, an adjective clause often begins with the relative pronouns. In the sentence, can you spot any of them? 
Let’s first find it and them the whole clause.
In this sentence, “that” is the relative pronoun, and then we can find the rest of the clause for subject and verb. Our whole adjective clause is “THAT I AM STUDYING”, where “I” is the subject and “studying” is the verb.
Notice that if we eliminate the relative pronoun, we are left with two independent clauses:
  1. The book has been written by Alama Tahir-ul-Qadri.
  2. I’m studying.
Both the clauses have the subjects and the verbs. It is the relative pronoun which makes the one clause dependent on the other. Now let's look at the function of the adjective clause we've just spotted.
The function of the Clause
As we know adjectives are always adjacent to things they modify unless they are predicate adjectives. Based on this information, we can say there is the only thing our adjective clause can possibly modify is the word “BOOK”. It can also be verified using adjective questions.
Which book? The one I’m studying!

Examples of Adjective Clause
Let’s look at another example.
Students who work hard often get good marks.
First look for the relative pronoun and that is “WHO”. We can find the rest of the clause by finding and eliminating the main clause which is “STUDENTS OFTEN GET GOOD MARKS”. All the rest is our adjective clause: WHO WORK HARD.
You might think that there is no subject in our adjective clause but in this case, the relative pronoun “WHO” is the subject of the sentence. Now let’s look at the function of our relative or adjective clause.
If you note, there are two nouns in the sentence that are “STUDENTS” and “MARKS”. Now the questions is: Which of the two nouns is being modified by our adjective clause?
There should be a no problem figuring it out as there is only one noun adjacent to our adjective clause and that is “STUDENTS”. You can also test it through adjective questions.
Which students? Who work hard!

Two girls I have coached have participated in the finals
In the sentence, we cannot see any relative pronoun but does that mean there is no adjective clause in it. Let’s see!
If I break the sentence, I can see two distinct clauses. But how do I know this? I know this because the subject of the sentence “GIRLS” is followed by the pronoun “I” which are both subjects and only one verb. So there have to be two clauses:
  1. Two girls have participated in the finals
  2. I have coached
Which one of the two is the main clause and which one is subordinate? Well just think for a moment what the sentence is all about. It is about the two girls participated in the finals; therefore it is our main clause. Also the subordinate clause “I HAVE COACHED” is capable of modifying the noun of our main clause.
Which girls? The one I coached!
To summarize, if you do not see the relative pronouns or adverb in a sentence where you are asked to spot an adjective clause, then fear not, as you have got the way discussed above to figure this out.
Types of Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses have two types
  • Essential or Restrictive Clause
  • Non-essential clauses. or Non-restrictive Clause.
Essential clauses cannot be removed without changing the basic meaning of a sentence.
  1. I visited the Banjosa’s picnic point, where the lake had an enchanting view.
  2. I visited the city where the prices were very high.
Both sentences have adjective clauses starting with the same relative pronouns but only one of them is essential, however.
If we eliminate the adjective clause from the first sentence, then what do we lose? Off course, nothing as everyone knows that the Lake of Banjosa has an enchanting view. Therefore, this clause is non-essential or non-restrictive.
In the second sentence, we lose the important information about the city if we eliminate the adjective clause. Since, we cannot say that the prices are always high or something that is always true, therefore, we need this clause. It is the essential or restrictive clause.
  • The match, which was played yesterday, ended in a tie.
  • The match that was played tomorrow ended in a tie.
The two adjective clauses in both the sentences are “WHICH WAS PLAYED TOMORROW” and “THAT WAS PLAYED TOMORROW”. Both are almost exactly alike, then how we can tell the difference?
In the first sentence, the adjective clause provides us just extra information, it is the non-essential clause. In the second sentence, the adjective clause provides important information. You can understand it by assuming that there had been more than a match. Here’s a tip:

Non-essential clauses often begin with the word “WHICH” and enclosed in commas. Essential clauses often begin with “THAT” and do not have commas around them.
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Saturday, July 28, 2018

July 28, 2018

6 Hadiths about Ali Ibn Abi Talib| Bukhari | Tirmidhi | Muslim Sharif

The Holy Kaaba is the most sacred place of Islam. No one ever borne inside this sacred place except Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Ali Ibn Abi Talib was born in 599 A.D, son of Abi Talib and was the paternal cousin of the Holy Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him).

After the death of Rasoolullah's father, who was the brother of Abu Talib, the Prophet (SAW) was brought up by Abi Talib. In this way, the same person brought up the Prophet and Ali Ibn Abi Talib, therefore, both were the brothers.

Below are the 6 Hadiths about Ali Ibn Abi Talib along with their narrators and references.

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Saturday, July 14, 2018

July 14, 2018

How to identify adverbs in a sentence


Identifying an adverb in a sentence can be a little tricky at times but if we know certain questions of adverbs, and then we can identify an adverb easily in a sentence.
First, let me remind you what an adverb is.
An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb by making its meaning more specific. 

Below of some of the adverb questions related to different types of adverbs. When we think about a certain word in a sentence as an adverb, then we can ask these adverb questions, given below, to identify the function of the word in that sentence.
  • How something occurs
  • When something occurs
  • Where something occurs
  • Why something occurs
  • How frequently something occurs
  • To what degree something occurs

Adverb as a Verb Modifier
Let’s first look through an example of how it functions as a verb modifier.
Uzma silently enters in her class.
Procedure to identify an adverb: 
First, look for the word you think is an adverb, and then find the verb you think it gets modified by the word.In the above sentence, “silently” is our adverb which is modifying the verb “enters”. Now let us put it to the test using the questions.
How does Uzma enter in her class? The answer is “silently”. 
It can be seen that the word we identify is really modifying our verb and that’s how we’ve proven the silently is our adverb. 

Trick: If there is an answer to your question, that answer is your adverb.
Remember that an adverb can also come after a verb. For example:
Uzma studies well. 
Here, “well” modifies the studies of Uzma and it comes after the verb.Let’s take a look at another example of identifying an adverb.
Zara has completely done her homework.
In the above sentence, the word “completely” could be an adverb but let’s put it to the test in order to verify it as an adverb.
To what extent has Zara done her homework? The answer is “completely”. Again, we’ve proven it.

Adverb as an Adjective Modifier
As we said that adverb can also modify an adjective, therefore, let’s look at the following examples to see how it works.
Al-Reyyan is an extremely friendly boy.
In this example, “boy” is a noun and “friendly” is its modifier, therefore, friendly is an adjective here. We can also check it by using adjective questions.
What kind of boy? The answer is “friendly”. So clearly it is an adjective but does the word “extremely” also modifies “boy”? Let’s try our adjective questions.
What kind of lady? Off course, we cannot answer it as “extremely”.  It does not make sense, does it? 
Let’s put it to an adverb question.
To what degree is Al-Reyyan a friendly boy? The answer is “Extremely”. Because the word “extremely” answers the adverb question, therefore, it is an adverb which modifies “friendly” which in return modifies “boy”.

Adverb modifying another adverb
Now let’s talk about some of the sentences where an adverb is modifying another adverb.
Very often, she goes to the gym.
To identify the adverb, let’s put it to the test through adverb questions.
How often she goes to the gym? The answer is often, isn’t it? Again, the word which has answered the adverb’s question is an adverb. But what about the word “very”?
To what degree was it often? The answer is very often.  Clearly the word “very” is modifying the adverb “often”. In this way, an adverb can modify another adverb.

Places of an Adverb
Now when an adverb modifies a verb, it can go almost anywhere in a sentence. For example
Alisha was crying badly.
Alisha was badly crying.
Alisha badly was crying.
Badly, Alisha was crying.
When an adverb modifies an adjective or an adverb, it must appear immediately before the word it modifies. For example
My very dear friend needs money.
In this example, “dear” modifies the noun “friend”, therefore, it is an adjective. And the word “very”
coming before it modifies “dear”.
Which friend = Dear friend
Dear to what extent = Very
He almost always takes extra time in the examinations.
We know about the pronoun and the verb. In order to identify an adverb and words it modifies, we need to put it to our adverb questions.
When does he take extra time in the examinations? The answer is “always”, so always modifies our verb.  The adverb “always” is then followed by the word “almost” which is an adverb of degree answering to what extent. In this example, one adverb is modifying another adverb.
In this way, you can place or identify an adverb in a sentence. But let me tell you one more thing.
The following words are always adverbs when followed by a verb: not, really and very.

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